PREVALENCE OF FGM IN INDIA
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Abstract
FGM refers to practices that include the partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia or other harm to the female genital organs for non-medical purposes. While it is typically performed on girls between the ages of 1 and 15, married and adult women are also occasionally exposed to this operation. FGM is still common in several regions of the world despite national and international attempts to encourage its cessation. More than 200 million women and girls have had FGM. The majority of nations where the practice is practised are in 30 countries in Africa, as well as certain countries in Asia and Latin America and among immigrants from these regions.
FGM has a variety of socio-cultural causes that differ from location to region. However, there is widespread prejudice towards women and girls that lies at the heart of all these causes. FGM has been justified in a variety of ways, including as a religious need, a feminine hygiene help, and as a method to regulate or curtail female libido. The practice is frequently connected to a rite that marks the transition into womanhood and coming of age in various locations. According to a research done among Dawoodi Bohra women, the technique is widely practised for three major reasons: religious obligations, traditions and customs, and the desire to limit the girl's libido.
FGM is frequently seen as a method of purging a girl of unclean ideas and desires. It is believed that a female who has been circumcised does not become as excited as one who is in 'qalfa,' which refers to having a clitoral hood or having an intact clitoris. Girls and women are seen as needing "protection" from their sexual desires. This apparent defence goes beyond defending the daughter to defending the standing of the entire family. The core of a tradition that precedes Christianity is the idea that the clitoral region is "unwanted skin" or a "spring of sin," which will cause people to leave their marriages. The clitoral hood was sometimes referred to as a "haraam ki boti," or an immoral lump of flesh.
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