HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF PRISONERS IN INDIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
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Abstract
The administration and management of prisons in India falls exclusively in the domain of the State Government and it is governed by the Prison Act, 1894 & the Prison Manuals of the respective State Governments. In India, the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, defined human rights as the rights relating to liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Indian Constitution as embodied in the Fundamental Rights and the International Covenants. The protection of human rights of prisoners has been of great concern for the courts and human rights activists. The Supreme Court has in several rulings highlighted the miserable conditions of prisoners and the deplorable conditions prevailing inside the prisons. In the light of the observations made by the Supreme court (AIR 1997 SC 1739) of India, the present study examines the living conditions of prisoners with specific reference to their basic needs and provision of facilities compatible with the dignity of human life including issues related to food, drinking water, protective clothing, personal hygiene and sanitation, lighting, ventilation and others.
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