ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

With the development of computer and robotic science now machines are able to behave like human beings. Machines are to perform complicated tasks such as cognitive thinking, visual perception, speech recognition, and learning from past experience at a much higher speed and accuracy than human beings. This ability of a machine to behave like a human being in solving complicated problems is known as artificial intelligence (AI). There is increasing use of this technology in many fields. Government organizations and private companies use this technology to detect and prevent crimes. The idea of AI is also increasingly applied in the field of the criminal investigation. This enables meticulous crime investigation such as bloodstain pattern recognition and analysis, fingerprint analysis, DNA analysis, etc. Now complicated forensic findings are better understood. It helps in the 3D crime scene reconstruction also. Thus, in the coming days, AI technology will be very helpful for forensic scientists in a criminal investigation for a better legal administration.’’

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or computer program to perform human-like tasks such as visual perception, speech recognition, cognitive thinking, decision making, learning from experiences and solve complex problems with ultimately higher speed and less error rate than humans. AI is the most emerging field which is also applied for the advancement in the area of criminal investigation and Justice System. In the current scenario of Criminal Investigation, experts are facing many challenges due to huge amount of data, tiny pieces of evidences in the chaotic and complex environment, traditional laboratory structures and sometimes insufficient knowledge which may lead to failure of investigation or miscarriage of justice. AI is the weapon to fight against these challenges which involve machine learning, deep learning. Neural networks, case-based reasoning for errorless, objective and reproducible results in various fields of forensics. AI is currently aiding almost all the prominent fields of Criminal Investigation with its different approaches such as Data analysis, Pattern recognition, Image processing, Computer vision, Data mining, Statistical analysis and probabilistic methods, Computational and mathematical methods, Graphical modelling. Thus, AI is aiding investigators by formulating logical evidence, 3D reconstruction of crime scenes, handling evidence effectively and analysing it to reach logical conclusions at various levels of investigation. AI based algorithms can detect the huge amount of data to discover risk, and are used for detection, prevention and even prediction of future crime or criminal behaviour’. .