A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF EMERGENCY POWERS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (“U.S.”) AND INDIA

Abstract

In theory, emergency powers refer to those intrinsic powers that a State can exercise in unusual circumstances such as war, armed rebellion, attacks of terrorism, natural disasters, serious health emergencies, pandemics, or other serious threats that threaten the State. It is widely acknowledged that these powers should be utilised only in extreme situations and to the degree that the situation necessitates. Emergency has two significant problems: (1) the balance of powers between the Government and its branches is disturbed, and (2) the protection of human rights and the law of governance is threatened. History has provided us with dark examples which show how the exercise of emergency powers has resulted in abuse of authority and power. Arbitrary exercise of emergency powers has catastrophic consequences on a nation’s legal, political, and economic growth. It's crucial to remember that emergency powers should never be used to stifle dissent or impose arbitrary restrictions on human rights. The Researcher acknowledges that the exercise of emergency powers in response to severe threats is essential and permitted by national and international law during severe crises. Nevertheless, what is pertinent to note is that any emergency reaction must be reasonable, necessary, and non-discriminatory.