REGULATION OF GENOME-EDITING TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
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Keywords:
CRISPR, Genome, gene-editing, gene technology, regulations, normsAbstract
The advent of technological advances will soon lead us to an era where data of an individual's genetic information will contribute to the development of personalized medicines. At such scientific revolution, genome editing denotes an addition, removal or alteration of genetic materials at the targeted locations in gene sequences, enabling scientists to change an organism's DNA. This can be done through a plethora of technological choices that need to be protected. Out of them, CRISPR-Cas9 became the main system of preference due to its efficiency and ease-of-use. Taking into consideration the scientific evidence, media coverage and secondary literature, this essay explores the legal and ethical obligations of genome editing technology in India. It questions the legality of CRISPR-Cas9 in editing somatic and germline cells. Furthermore, it analyses the need for having strict genome editing norms in India. This has been backed by a comparative study of global measures taken for regulating genome editing norms in different countries which are pioneering this technology. In conclusion, the essay looks into certain unanswered questions of the guidelines set by Indian Medical Council for Research (IMCR) and the current Indian legislation regarding gene-modification, suggesting ways of achieving transparency, and how the regulations of World Health Organization (WHO) has a persuasive effect in influencing the future of genome-editing laws in India. As India is framing its data protection bill, debates have flared up all over the country on the subject of genome editing technologies and the protection of the individual’s right to privacy.
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